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But 2006 was the year in which the gloves came off. And scientific atheism’s heavyweight champion, Richard Dawkins, even stands an outside chance of topping the Christmas bestseller lists.
Rationalists have always thought it strange that it is held to be virtuous, wise even, to believe in things for which there is no evidence whatsoever. In The God Delusion (Bantam, £20/offer £18), Dawkins hammers this home with a refreshing lack of equivocation. The intellectual weaknesses of religious belief are exposed ruthlessly, as are the crimes committed in its name.
While the logic is tough to fault, the tone is not always so winning. It is so militant that even readers of a hardened atheistic mindset can find it alienating. The concern is that Dawkins is too condescending to be helpful. He preaches to the converted, and will not win many undecided minds (I am not sure he is much bothered about hearts). It is the Marmite of the argument between science and religion: a book to be loved or hated.
Dawkins’s strident, take-no-prisoners stand has one great virtue: it changes the parameters of debate. Just as Thatcherism moved the political centre to the right, so Dawkinsism is pulling the intellectual centre on to a more rational footing. Set against his zeal, more compassionate advocacy of atheism looks less extreme, and gets a more sympathetic hearing.
Another lucid exploration of the science of belief, Lewis Wolpert’s Six Impossible Things Before Breakfast (Faber, £14.99/£13.49), is a case in point. Wolpert describes with great nuance how the human mind might have evolved to become irrational. His big idea — that faith is a by-product of intelligence that evolved for tool-making — might not be entirely persuasive, but the argument benefits from his measured touch. Perhaps his own experiences have helped: Wolpert’s son is a practising Christian. He certainly knows how to reach out to a wider audience.
If Dawkins is something of a mixed blessing for atheism, his contribution to evolutionary biology is not in doubt. His signature work, The Selfish Gene, celebrated its 30th anniversary this year, and Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think (OUP, £12.99/£11.99) is a marvellous reminder of why it still matters.
This collection of essays, edited by two of his former doctoral students, Mark Ridley and Alan Grafen, highlights how he saw clearly what no other scientist managed: that the “gene’s eye” view of evolution has an explanatory power far greater than any other approach.
Evolutionary biology is one of the two fields that most tend to influence scientists such as Dawkins to espouse atheism. The other is astrophysics, which seeks to explain how the Universe came to be. Writing on this is notoriously difficult but can be perfectly accessible, without any equations.
In The Goldilocks Enigma (Allen Lane, £22/£19.80), Paul Davies writes beautifully about why the Universe appears to be constructed with precisely the right conditions for life. His answers are very different from the cosmological certainties of Dawkins or his religious targets, with arresting speculations about the possibility of a “multiverse”. Our Universe may be just one among many. Some universes may even be fakes.
A more orthodox treatment of the history of time is found in Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution (Norton, £11.99/£10.99), by Neil deGrasse Tyson and Donald Goldsmith. It is as comprehensive an introduction as one could wish to current knowledge about the Big Bang and what went afterwards: informative, witty and compelling.
Bang! The Complete History of the Universe (Carlton, £20/£18) is a little lighter, as might be expected from Brian May, who gave up a PhD in astrophysics to play guitar in Queen. Writing with Patrick Moore and Chris Lintott of The Sky at Night, he conducts an entertaining tour of the Universe past and present.
After the surprise success of New Scientist’s Does Anything Eat Wasps?, this Christmas has brought a plethora of scientific miscellanies. One of the best is by the magazine’s news editor, Matt Walker. If you are interested in transvestite garter snakes, the speed-eating habits of the star-nosed mole, or how geckos behave in zero gravity, you will enjoy Moths That Drink Elephants’ Tears and Other Zoological Curiosities (Piatkus, £9.99/
£9.49). Why Don’t Penguins’ Feet Freeze? (Profile, £7.99/
£7.59), the follow-up to Wasps, is also just as intriguing.
Mark Henderson is science editor of The Times
Bestsellers
DOES ANYTHING EAT WASPS?
Quirky questions and answers from New Scientist (Profile, £7.99)
110,889
WHY DON'T PENGUINS FEET FREEZE?
More facts for the curious in the follow-up to Wasps
Malcolm Gladwell
(Penguin, £8.99)
104,422
BLINK
Hip New Yorker writer on the power of instinct
A SHORT HISTORY OF NEARLY EVERYTHING
Bill Bryson
(Black Swan, £9.99)
80,664
Layman’s take on science
THE GOD DELUSION
Richard Dawkins
(Bantam, £20)
65,131
Atheist polemic from the eminent British scientist

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As the human mind is fundamentally prone to the generation of illusions, we must try to visualize in a realistic manner, the birth & ramose nature of Religiosity. Everyone is infected with an imaginative spiritual tendency, sentimentally induced, that is nothing more than the natural wonderment of our existence & surroundings. Elemental reasoning is needed to place all fantasial thoughts in true perspective.
Heavenly visions need to be truly assessed & not allowed to sabotage the prevalent common sense & research that seeks to counter Lifes ongoing problems. Unrealistic Beliefs, the cause of so much mayhem & mortality of past & present, are all very basic Man-made creations - - - devious proclamations of a false & tedious nature, incessantly filling shallow minds with absurd religious dogma.
Bill, Wallsend, England
Nothing more irratonal than saying everything must be explained provided one excludes the God idea.
Father Bryan Storey, Tintagel, Cornwall, UK
"Rationalists have always thought it strange that it is held to be virtuous, wise even, to believe in things for which there is no evidence whatsoever." ....Say a 'meme' for example...
Alan, Bishop Auckland
Alan, Bishop Auckland,
Come religios, witness the cruel disasters which an 'all-knowing, loving, all-powerful, creating god' is supposed to be able to surmount but manifestly doesn't. Stop cherry picking lovely bits of your fairy tales ! Faith is convenient and a comfort word but proves nothing.
Leon, Tavistock,
I do not believe in motor car manufacturers as it clear to me that they do not exist. They merely claim that they have "developed" the motor car, without showing me any proof.
But God is a different matter - look around you with your eyes open, and deny that you can see many evidences of creation!
Don Crome, Chorley,
God gave us science and free will. Used together and for the purpose of good, we can develop medicines for the ill, care for the sick, design and build safe shelter, grow crops in environmentally hostile areas to feed the hungry, set free the oppressed, and learn more about the world, life and the universe. Through science and free will, God has given us the tools to do good and live out lives our through our own decisions. (Typing this has just reminded me of Jesus's Parable of the Talents.)
Science enables us to look around and see the wondrous things in God's universe.
As far as I see see it God and science go together and not against.
Sue, Preston,
I am a scientist who believes firmly in God, I also believe firmly in Evolution. Genesis was a way of explaining beginnings in a symbolic way to early people. I believe in evolution and science and it does not shake my strong belief in God, in fact I see the beauty in it all around me. It does not have to be God vs Science, that is very illogical to me.
Before we found ways to look things as small as atoms and large as galaxies, the existence of those would have been rubbished too. Are we arrogant enough as humankind to believe that all because we have not fashioned an instrument or equation yet to 'see' God that he therefore does not exist?
There is a God and he is great.
M, Lancashire,
I am intrigued by the apparent correlation between those who claim to be entirely rational and those who type in capital letters. If it wasn't for Hume's critique of the fallacious desire to see laws behind every correlation (a fallacy bedevilling much science) I would suggest a theory is needed explaining the link ...
Andy Enfield, London, UK
God placed a quantity of energy, "e", in an environment of four dimensions; x, y, z and time. This produced the "Big Bang" and all the evolution applicable to our cosmos thereafter. I suspect God has been too busy with several million other projects to take much notice of what went on after our Big Bang - and, in pareticular, would possibly be amused by our use of the concept "Holy".
Our future is very much up to us as guided by science and morality and carry on doing as you would be done by.
Brian Woolf, West Chiltington, West Sussex. U.K.
I would say Fr B Storey look up the word 'irrational'
Then try to apply it to a claim there is such a nonsense entity as a god.
A brain that has taken millions of years to develop, that
cannot differentiate between the factual and the fanciful, is a disgrace to it's owner.
Rational? ....look it up. Nowhere will you see reference to such irrationalities as myth, legend, and scary fairy stories, as pumped out by the religious.
They fool themselves, but they do not fool the RATIONAL
morgan, Pontypool, wales
allen now you know what I've been saying about words like irrational...what's irrational to you is rational to Bryan ....and vice-versa same thing applies to "reason" and "logic"
ed bradbury, bournemouth, dorset
Richard Dawkins has given religion a wake up call...but not God. He sadly confuses the two and argues against religion, drawing God into his conclusions. There are a great many people who are disillussioned by religion, and many who do not believe in what they say, but who still nevertheless believe in God.
Consider the Old Testament, Genesis, and see how God formed a direct contact relationship with Adam, humankind, before the fall. Does that not indicate true intentions. From that point on, man created religion, not God, and politics has played a part ever since.
Richard Dawkins will be the catalyst that brings God back to humankind, if the religious groups are brave enough to focus on the truth and not the politics.
There is nothing that science has shown us which would disprove a creator; even evolution makes sense. When people realise we are eternal souls who happen to have a finite physical existence, and make social and moral decisions based on this, the world improves.
Gary West, Jakarta, Indonesia
Creation, Alan, is the evidence par excellence of God. Adequate explanation there has to be even if not visible. Just focus, day and night, on this point.
Father Bryan Storey, Tintagel, UK
Bryan -
1) It is a statement of IRRATIONAL belief to say "I BELIEVE god exists" - there is no proof of his existence .
2) It is a statement of IRRATIONAL belief to say "I BELIEVE god does NOT exist" - there is no proof of his non-existence either.
3) It is RATIONAL to say "I DO NOT BELIEVE god exists" - this doesn't have to be proved. It's a perfectly rational statement concerning my view of the world, without belief or "faith".
-- To put it another way, please accept the fact that the logical opposite of the statement "I believe in god" is "I do not believe in god". - This is not the same as saying "I believe there is no god", which is a statement of irrational belief in something equally unprovable.
-- Please excuse the capitals, but I'm trying to get my point home to you. If you reply claiming there IS proof of god's existence, then I disagree with you. But at least you must logically admit now atheists do not have a faith.
alan, cologne,
Really good reading Richard Dawkins who'se compellingly interesting, informative and provocative. On religious issues he says nothing I haven't heard for years. The 'non believers' have many more problems in their stance which is so irrational.'
Father Bryan Storey, Tintagel., UK