Reviewed by Susannah Herbert
Enter our Snapshots of Summer photography competition
In the village of Gapun in Papua New Guinea, when a woman is annoyed with her husband, she swears at him for 45 minutes, at the top of her voice so the neighbours catch every nuance. During this “kros” — the word means “angry” — the target is not allowed to answer back, nor may anyone interrupt until she’s given her feelings full expression.
And what expression it is. The anthropologist Don Kulick recorded a typical kros: “You’re a ****ing rubbish man. You hear? Your ****ing ***** is full of maggots. You’re a big ****ing semen *****. Stone balls! ...****ing black *****! You *****ing mother’s ****!”
When the flowers of English womanhood carry on like this — at closing time on Friday night in Ipswich, say — they’re thought to be behaving laddishly. When the housewives of Gapun turn the air blue, however, they are only doing what comes naturally to a woman. The village men, apparently, pride themselves on their ability to conceal their opinions and express themselves indirectly: if they need to get a grievance off their chests, they get their wives to do it for them. In Gapun, women are from Mars, men are from Venus.
I sensed early on in this delightfully spiky book that Deborah Cameron — an Oxford professor of language and communication — would give a first-class kros, and enjoy it, too. The only problem would be limiting the number of victims to one. Cameron’s targets are many: there’s John Gray, the author of the psychobabble classic, Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, Deborah Tannen, the author of You Just Don’t Understand, Simon Baron-Cohen, the author of The Essential Difference, and the husband-and-wife team behind a slim volume called Why Men Don’t Iron.
These writers all subscribe to some version of what Cameron dubs the Mars-Venus myth, which holds that women are more verbal than men, that women talk more about people, relationships and feelings, while men talk more about things and facts, that women use language in a co-operative way, whereas men use it competitively. Oh, and that these differences mean that men and women routinely fail to communicate, but can learn to do better — which might explain why Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus has sold more than 10m copies in 37 languages.
For Cameron, this is simplistic eyewash, best countered with a few well-aimed stats. She cites the meta-analysis of Janet Hyde, a psychologist who has collated masses of research findings on male-female communications. Hyde’s number-crunching suggests that the difference in language use between men and women is statistically negligible. Women don’t interrupt more than men, nor are they more talkative or empathetic in conversation, less prone to assertive conversation, or any better or worse at verbal reasoning. The headline for Hyde’s discovery could read “Men and Women pretty similar, research finds”. And yet, Cameron muses, this isn’t a story any of us, male or female, much care to talk about.
To prove her point, she cites the slew of news reports last year claiming that women on average utter 20,000 words a day, while men on average manage only 7,000. This “fact”, from a popular science book called The Female Brain, turned out to be based not on research, but on a self-help book, which itself cited other self-help books, each featuring wildly varying figures. As Cameron concludes, “All the numbers were plucked from thin air. The claims were so variable because they were guesswork.” The invented figures were quietly deleted from reprints of the book — without headlines.
It is not as easy to delete the whole pink v blue polarity, however, even if one can have a great deal of fun — as Cameron does — teasing evolutionary biologists for their inventive and contradictory Just So stories about the development of language. Did early man, à la Fred Flintstone, get into the habit of long silences while hunting mammoths, whereas women, tending their young or gathering berries, needed to chatter? Or did these alleged language differences stem from the prehistoric male urge to show off to prospective mates, who obligingly learnt to listen supportively? We’ll never know, and we’ll never stop speculating.
Cameron, skilled at deflating the sweeping generalisations of others, steers clear of overarching theories, until the very end — when she asks just why the Mars-Venus myth should be so popular today, particularly among educated western women, who might seem to have the least to gain from stereotypes about male-female behaviour. “My parents, who married in the mid-1950s, never argued about who should take out the trash, pick up groceries, wash dishes, drive the car, choose what to watch on TV, or make important financial decisions,” she writes. “Nor were they ever in conflict about whose job came first or whose life had to be fitted around domestic commitments. These things were settled in advance by the basic fact of gender difference.” And now? Pretty much every decision a modern couple makes is up for negotiation. No wonder we like to think our problems can be blamed on a failure of interplanetary communication. It’s easier than admitting we’re all earthlings, and we haven’t a clue.
Second-class males
The literature of Mars and Venus is remarkably patronising towards men, who feature as bullies, toddlers or Neanderthals sulking in their caves. One (male) author even calls his book If Men Could Talk. A book called If Women Could Think would be instantly denounced: why do men put up with books that set them on a par with Lassie or Skippy the Bush Kangeroo (‘hey, wait a minute — I think he’s trying to tell us something!’)?
The Myth of Mars and Venus: Do Men and Women Really Speak Different
Languages? by Deborah Cameron
OUP £10.99 pp204

Win a luxury weekend to Newcastle and its neighbour Gateshead, find out more here
Risk, resilience and embracing new technology
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
Discover the collective power of smart thinking. Submit a solution and be in with a chance to win a Flip MinoHD Camcorder
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Make the most of the summer and enter our fabulous photographic competition, you could win a £5000 holiday
Corsica is an island of beauty and contrast, an ideal holiday destination
Enjoy further reading from Travel to Fashion, Business to Sport, discover more
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
The clever way to lease a new car is with Car leasing made simple™
2009
42,945
2008
71,450
Car Insurance
Not Specified
MI6
UK-based
£60,000
The Environment Agency
Bristol
Up to £90K
Boots
Midlands
OTE £85k
Credit Protection Association
Nationwide Opportunities
Completely London
Luxury Condo's in Manhattan with NYC views
The best new homes in Wimbledon?
Nationwide
Save up to £1,000 per couple with Elite Vacations at the five-star Constance Lemuria Resort
and do the British Isles this Summer.
Save up to 60% with Oxford Hotels and Inns
Try our inspiring luxury holidays to the Indian Subcontinent and South East Asia.
Great offers available
8 fabulous Canadian cities ...you won’t find cheaper
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths | Subscriptions | E-paper
News International associated websites: Globrix Property Search | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2009 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
"If a female executive made the effort to learn male norms, she would do herself a great favor."
Oh dear. You need to actually read this book before you comment on it with statements like this.
You have made a number of flaws, but the most obvious one, which would be funny it it weren't so tragic, was assuming that the duty is on women to fit to the 'male norms', and not vice versa.
Or, here's a radical thought, that 'norms' are almost the same for both of us.
Jee, Essex,
Men and Women speak a similar language but with different meaning, context and structure. Men are simple and easier to understand. Simple is not stupid and simple is hard for most women to really âunderstandâ and achieve. Women have very complex communication styles between other women that doesn't translate to a manâs style of communication. Once women understand the âstructureâ of male communication, it is like unlocking a safe to easy communication. The Mars/Venus approach is good but doesn't leave you with how to make it work.
Michael Coogan, Co- Author Know Your Pig -
Playful Relationship Advice for Understanding Your Pig
www.knowyourpig.com
Michael Coogan Co-Author Knowyourpig.com, Phoenix, AZ
Women and men have far more in common, genetically, than is different. But myths (like extreme gender differences) keep them from relating honestly:
A Chinese saying goes something like " a woman is like a piece of cotton wool, once used, soiled ... a man is like an unpolished gem, the more you polish the better it shines". Hence the myth of virginity ... Western society also perpetuates this.
Another myth, perpetuated in Western society is of romantic love ... (women need a prince to feel complete). Are men portrayed as needing a princess as desperately?
The myth of maternal self-sacrifice places the blame for the child's actions and feelings on the mother.
Society continues to retell its myths and this reinforces stereotypes.
Good for Deborah Cameron for challenging the myths and making us look at how we also are guilty of the 'cop-out'.
Whatever the gender the essential learning is ... 'know thyself'.
margaret hurford, canberra, australia
Men are from Earth; Women are from Earth.
The Mars / Venus gub was pulled from Uranus.
Max, Plymouth, WI
It just may be that like so many other theories emanating from popular psychology, the Mars/Venus dichotomy can be explained by culture, rather than by biology. Otherwise, why would so many dispute D.C.'s findings by saying, "I just know that the Mars/Venus thing rings true in my own experience"?
Gary Smith, Maryville, TN
I deplore ALL social science researchers (and science ones) for not stating whatsover what they WANT to want. Readers, too. Whether difference between men and women are small or strong--what do you wish to be the case? Is similarity your preferenc or is difference your preference.
Laurence Alter, Long Beach, California, U.S.A.
Men go in for team sports because they are stylized hunts and war games. Shopping is gathering.
CD, Houston, TX
I once tried to read the Mars/Venus book and I found it smarmy. Metaphor may be useful, but to suggest that our communication difficulties are intrinsic to our gender, serves to heighten frustration and worse,absolves many individuals from making the necessary effort to observe, listen and connect with each other. It's not just male/female dysfunction but human dysfunction. Our culture encourages a label for babel and it sells because we love an excuse/explanation for the confusion of life.
Jane, Sycamore , USA
I agree, men are much more sensitive than women. There are no more sensitive women. They all died in ancient caves when men
captured women and only the more practical survived. After all who is more likely to avoid a fatal knock on the head with a club?
The sensitive gal who mourns the loss of her previous companion and life or the more practical lass who says, "Well, Oog was very nice but Grog here has a nice warm cave with plenty of furs and enough to eat so I may as well make the best of a bad situation". It is her genes that dominate the make-up of modern women. How often do you hear of a woman harassing a man after a break-up compared to all those men who have violent fits of temper when abandoned?
Women have th genes which impel them to make the best of it
and to look for another mate rather than bemoan the loss of the last one. We men brought this upon ourselves when we
killed all the sensitive women ages ago.
Patrick MacKinnon, Victoria BC,
Kurt in Harrisburg, PA: I think you're right.
D.C. Banker
D. C. Banker, Port Townsend, WA
It just seems like peole never get it. Their idea that, "Well, gee, I see it every day in my life, so it must be universally true" just tells me that they haven't examined their lives very deeply. The whole point of "purported, no-frills empirical findings" is that they overcome individual bias. If you believe something is true, you will look at every event, idea, etc. that you encounter in the day as "proof" that it is true because that is how you view the world. That's just how our mind works. It used to be that people insisted that sport is cathartic to aggression. This is no longer believed to be true because it has been shown time and again to not only be false, but to work in the opposite way (i.e., sport tends to increase aggression). Come on people, get a clue!
Jennifer, Des Moines, Iowa
I don't know anyone who appreciates being lumped in with one group or another. What really is the point of stereotyping or of labelling? It's all the "us" and "them" mentality. If you automatically start with the premise that an individual is this way or that, you will see the evidence, if that's what you're looking for. "Brainiacs", "divas", "shopoholics", "jocks", "Barbie Dolls", "lounge lizards", "geeks"....etc. Enough with the branding. It's bad enough we wear labels and buy lifestyles.
Male and female are pretty basic groupings. Let's leave it at that.
Dianne, Oakland, CA
I just know that the Mars/Venus thing rings true in my own experience.
to D.C. Banker: I don't believe it's that "men and women just can't communicate" so much as that they often DON'T communicate.
kurt, harrisburg, PA
The Mars/Venus formulation is accepted because it's a cop-out, D.C., not because it's true. Its easier to see stereotypes and conform to them, conciously or not, than it is to accept any blame for one's personal failings. Failures of communication usually arise from failures of communicators, but nobody seems to want to take responsibility for that. If my comment fails to make my point clearly, it's either my fault, or it's yours. But it's not because I come from Mars - I come from a far worse place, that being Florida.
Jack Kasady, Reno,
Never ceases to amaze me how many academic experts flaunt their purported no-frills, empirical findings in the face of what most people can instantly recognize as valid patterns of communication between the sexes. The Mars-Venus dialectic resonates with people not because it's facile hocus-pocus cooked up by a New Age guru, but because it has been recognized by both men and women as an accurate tool for dissecting how the sexes do communicate, based on every day experience!
David Navarrete, Fairfield, USA, Iowa
My experience is that there are a few people to whom it is tremendously important to be (seen as) super-macho butch or hyper-frilly feminine - and then there are the rest of us, who are "just folks", but get pushed into these roles by gender-obsessed busybodies. Talking to a man is, on average, no easier or more difficult than talking to a woman, and, as Burroughs said, maybe ALL communication is interspecies.
Ford, Sydney,
Go ahead and pretend that Mars/Venus is incorrect. I see that it is correct every day. Maybe not every sentence and subclause, but as a whole. Whatever your findings may be. Women, as a rule, do not understand male behavior and norms. I am sure there are exceptions, but whatever. Not being a man, you probably do not understand this. I will give an example. On the Yankees radio network there is a broadcast team of two men and one woman. The woman complained that Cleveland's scoreboard operators were razzing Alex Rodrigues by pointing out that he was 0 for the last umpteen at bats in the playoffs and it wasn't fair. My first thought was that A Rod needs to get a couple of hits and they would stop it. Sure enough, the two male sportscasters make the same point I was thinking.
Pretending sex differences are not real holds back women in business. If a female executive made the effort to learn male norms, she would do herself a great favor. Ignore them, be branded a 'rhymes with witch.'
Johnny Cheeseman, Rochester, New York
DL, I don't know where you get the idea you speak for "people," but you sure don't speak for me, as I don't see the Mars/Venus nonsense as accurate in any of my experience, everyday or otherwise. To the contrary, the consensus I've gleaned about this supposed dichotomy is that's it's so facile as to be completely meaningless, and that's the most charitable view. The less charitable view, and the one that does track to my experience, it that it's often harmful to relations both between and among the sexes because it encourages pre-conceived (and frequently false) notions about how men and women are "supposed to" communicate.
LH, New York, NY
In response to DL from Greenwood, USA, I doubt if the Mars/Venus formulation finds favour because it's a reflection of everyday experience. It's more likely to be a lazy approach to the complex issues of gender identity and behaviours in a changing world. While Cameron's realistic take on 'the way we were' re the division of work at home along gender lines is accurate, women now, as then, bear the overwhelming burden of childcare and housework. While these crucial tasks might be "up for negotiation", research shows men still don't shoulder their proportionate share. Mars/Venus thinking just entrenches rather than liberates thinking about inequalities.
Wendy Cater, Perth, Australia
The Mars vs. Venus baggage is a simplistic "theory" (or better myth) and if Deborah Cameron can help debunk, then good for her. But the truth remains that interpersonal communications need to be addressed and improved in any way we can. Just saying "we can't communicate and we don't know why!" Sometimes myths and "just-so" stories help motivate individuals to make organized efforts to improve communication and hence, understanding. Not to say they should be taken as true, but as sometimes useful aids, when the truth is too murky and unclear to formulate clearly. In a manner analogous to how aspirin was used for decades before anyone knew why it helped.
Jamie L, Leamington/Ontario, Canada
I'm getting the book too! As an educator, I've tried to denounce these Martian-Venusian stereotypes, and as a woman, I've known the "chatty chads" and the "strong silent sarahs." These books make us "comfortable" with a status quo (one especially unfavorable toward women) that ultimately hurts both sexes.
pam, sacramento, CA
Cameron's contradictory instances are just exceptions that prove the rule. The Mars/Venus formulation is so widely accepted because people see in it a reasonably accurate reflection of their everyday experience.
DL, Greenwood, USA/Indiana
Thanks. I will purchase this book. I'm so sick of all the crap that says men and women just can't communicate; crap that locks us in stereotypes; crap that tells us we can't get the daily work done without an argument about who's job it is; and the crap that degrades anything that smacks of domesticity. My parents didn't argue about who did what, nor did my husband and I. But, unfortunately, he died young, and now I'm back in the the "dating game" which has me astounded by all the petty rivalry born of "self-help" books and competitive insecurity. Books that vilify men further oppress all of us. Books that marginalize women as "Chatty Kathies" further oppress all of us.
D. C. Banker, Port Townsend, WA
All right, this one's on my hunt-down list. I realy hope Cameron blows apart the bit about women being interested in people, men in things/facts. How come, then, men play team sports and women go shopping? The most "thing-oriented" person I know is a woman. Smart, too.
Thanks for the head-up.
KM, Renton,
Men like bars and have a penis. 'Nuff said.
Don Elote, Chicago, Illinois