In an arresting poem called “Meat”, August Kleinzahler wonders:
How much meat moves
Into the city each night
The decks of its bridges tremble
In the liquefaction of sodium light
And the moon a chemical orange
The monstrous “Semitrailers strain[ing] their axles” as they “take the long
curve / Over warehouses and lofts” to pour their guts into Manhattan, clog
“the city’s shimmering membrane” with “tons of dead lamb / Bone and flesh
and offal”. Garbage in, garbage out: the city where this cycle takes place
is “A giant breathing cell / Exhaling its waste / From the stacks by the
river / And feeding through the night”.
Compared to the sheer, unrelieved ugliness of Kleinzahler’s New York, the
London of T. S. Eliot’s Waste Land seems almost pastoral. In his recent
Paris Review interview, Kleinzahler declares himself to be indebted to Basil
Bunting, and, behind Bunting, to those great Modernists Ezra Pound and
William Carlos Williams. But neither Pound at his most vituperative nor
Williams, surveying the “waste of broad, muddy fields” of New Jersey (his
native state, as it is Kleinzahler’s), has produced a body of writing in
which disgust, nastiness, and revulsion loom as large as they do in poems
like “Meat”, or, for that matter, in Kleinzahler’s prose memoir Cutty, One
Rock (2005). Take the following send-up of Garrison Keillor’s Writer’s
Almanac:
"But I, for one, have never in my lifetime seen the situation of poetry
in this country more dire or desperate. Nor is the future promising.
Cultural and economic forces only suggest further devastation of any sort of
vital literary culture . . . . What little of real originality is out there
is drowning in the waste products spewing from graduate writing programs
like the hog farm waste that recently overflowed its holding tanks in the
wake of Hurricane Isabel, fouling the Carolina countryside and poisoning
everything in its path."
Waste products again. Never mind that Kleinzahler has himself held visiting
professorships in some of these graduate writing programs. In principle, he
is allergic to such institutions, as he is to the memory of his suburban
childhood, dominated by Mother, a “frightful snob”, who “didn’t like
children, least of all her own”, Father, whose “job was to make money, then
lose it, make it again, except when he was reading the paper, which was
filled with information on how to make money”, and other relatives such as
Great-Uncle Ja-Ja, who “resembled an engorged frog with thick, black-rimmed
glasses and smelled of gherkins”, and Grandmother Nanny Farbisseneh, “a tiny
dour creature originally from a bog outside of Kiev”. In this “vomitorium”,
“It was the dog who raised me . . . the dog who watched me through countless
hours with the sagacity and bearing of a Ugandan tribal chief”.
Family life, and later the poet’s sexual escapades, are described with
irritation, absurdist relish and a measure of macho preening. But there are
moments of tenderness and even love in the memoir, especially for August’s
idolized older brother, a self-destructive, alcoholic, drug-addicted
gambler, who squandered great mental gifts, committing suicide at the age of
twenty- seven. Kleinzahler writes with special insight about fellow poets
such as Thom Gunn and Allen Ginsberg: the latter’s curious mixture of
generosity and self-absorption, insight and humourlessness, exuberance and
lassitude, all contributing to his need for endless distraction, is recorded
in “Lunching with Ginsberg”. “The frenzy, the self-aggrandizement, and all
the rest”, Kleinzahler writes, “seemed a long destructive war that had laid
waste his poetry and, probably, any chance of emotional equilibrium or
peace”.
In his prose, Kleinzahler backs up such harsh judgements with forceful
examples. In the lyric poetry, on the other hand, the disgust is often
unmotivated. Take “San Francisco / New York”, a bittersweet evening-walk
poem, written in five-by-five stanzas (five lines of predominantly iambic
pentameter) in which the poet addresses the woman he has just taken to San
Francisco airport, picturing to himself her arrival on the other coast,
where the moon “lighting the slopes of Mount Diablo / and the charred
eucalyptus in the Oakland hills”, must now be “shimmering over Bensonhurst,
over Jackson Heights” – the neighbourhoods through which limos pass on their
way from JFK into Manhattan. Kleinzahler’s elegy for lost connections
culminates in an apostrophe to the moonlight “boom[ing] down on us tonight,
/ with the sky so clear, / and through us / as if these were ruins, as if we
were ghosts”. But en route to that ghostlike moment, the poet gives us a
tour of San Francisco’s used bookshops:
We pass the shop of used mystery books
with its ferrety customers and proprietress
behind her desk, a swollen arachnid
surrounded by murder and the dried-out glue
of old paperback bindings.
What is more touching
than a used book store on Saturday night,
dowdy clientele haunting the aisles
the girl with bad skin, the man with a tic,
some chronic ass at the counter giving his
art speech?
What this catalogue lacks is the particularity that makes poems like Frank
O’Hara’s “The Day Lady Died” (whose middle section, like Kleinzahler’s, is a
tour of bookshops, each image and action subtly anticipating the final
revelation of Billie Holiday's death) so arresting. To call the used
bookshop’s clientele “dowdy” and “ferrety”, or its proprietress a “swollen
arachnid”, to remark on a girl’s bad skin and a man’s tic – such dismissive
gestures are themselves tics. We miss what Pound called “luminous detail”,
the image as “radiant node or cluster from which or into which ideas are
constantly rushing”.
The title poem of Sleeping It off in Rapid City has a similar predictability.
The poem makes much of the basic paradox that Rapid City, South Dakota,
built on a “700 foot thick shelf of Cretaceous pink sandstone” in “the
middle of the middle of the heart of this great land”, is now the site of
schlocky hotels, kitchy souvenir shops, tasteless billboards, and “Semis
grind[ing] it out on the Interstate / Hauling toothpaste, wheels of
Muenster, rapeseed oil”. As the poet – a poet rather too obviously “nel
mezzo” of his own life, making his way through his own Dantean “selva
oscura” – finds himself in what the brochures call “the hotel of the
century”, he marvels at the juxtaposition, in this, “the exact dead center
of America” between past and present, nature and culture, between nearby
Mount Rushmore’s “Great White Fathers . . . blasted out of granite” and
souvenirs of Custer’s Last Stand at the Battle of Little Big Horn. After a
few more pages in this vein, the free-verse travelogue ends on a note of
overkill: “Here, yes, here / The dead solid center of the universe / At the
heart of the heart of America”.
Kleinzahler’s facility – for example, his carefully wrought staircase stanza
and use of chemical vocabulary in “4-phenylcyclo-hexane” – is impressive,
but in such realistic poetry the devil must be in the details, and the
details here are largely clichés. In “Retard Spoilage”, a kind of post-9/11
“Dover Beach”, the lover urges his girl to “sleep, my angel, sleep”, her
“inviolate sweetness” uncontaminated by all that “vile&writhing&smells”
– specifically, all the food that is or might be rotting in the fridge,
catalogued, in a bravura sequence of tercets, made up of biochemical speak –
“mephitic flora”, “ladders of polysaccharides”, “fetor of broken proteins” –
so as to define the “sour reechiness” which is, as in “Meat”, accepted as
our inevitable human condition.
More satisfying than these forays into cultural critique are the shorter
lyrics and songs, in which Kleinzahler can display his remarkable gift for
rhythmic variation, syncopation and taut stanzaic structure. Take “Sunday
Nocturne”, which captures, in its minimalist lines and spacing – a visual
prosody that recalls Williams – the terrible isolation of airplane travel,
especially the moment of arrival late at night. The poem opens:
Red pulse the big jet’s lights
in descent.
The aerial
On the plumber’s duplex shakes.
Every sound and word has a place: “pulse” (both verb and noun) unite plane and
passenger, even as air and earth meet in the “aerial” on the building’s
roof. A late arrival at Newark Airport (“Along these palisades the crowded /
grids subside”), when even the pizza parlours are closed, prompts the weary
traveller to contemplate “the foothills of reverie”, even as “still more
jets, / dipping / From Dakar, / Akron and Samoa” fly overhead. One resigns
oneself, it seems, to the displacement constant travel brings. But, in the
last stanza, the reverie nicely turns outward:
A gentleman
in Italian loafers
disembarks.
Tomorrow at 1 he will bring
profound good news
to a steak joint in Moonachie.
Here empathy replaces Kleinzahler’s more usual spleen: the travelling
salesman, getting a brief night’s sleep in the local motel, before bringing
his gospel to the nondescript towns of Bergen County, is a sympathetic
figure. No harvest moon for this “gentleman / in Italian loafers” – only, in
a pun, the “moon-ache” that accompanies our incessant arrivals and
departures.
“Sunday Nocturne” was first published in 1985. The short poems of this period
– “Blue at 4 P.M.”, “Poetics”, “Pinned” (none of them, unaccountably, dated)
– are among Kleinzahler’s best, as is “A History of Western Music”, whose
“chapters” Kleinzahler has been writing for years. The most recent variant
is a simple but delectable song (“I took a trip on a plane / And I thought
about you . . .”) after Johnny Mercer in memory of Kleinzahler’s great
friend Thom Gunn, who died in 2004. Another recent ballad is “Portrait of My
Mother in January”:
Mother dozes in her chair,
awakes awhile and reads her book
then dozes off again.
Wind makes a rush at the house
and, like a tide, recedes. The trees are sere.
Afternoons are the most difficult.
They seem to have no end,
No end and no one there.
Outside, the trees do their witchy dance.
Mother grows smaller in her chair.
This low-key elegiac poem, with its rocking-chair rhythm and closural rhyme,
is a far cry from the hilarious, often cruel portrayals of Mother in the
prose of Cutty, One Rock. At one level, the poem is hackneyed, with its
reliance on the pathetic fallacy, but Kleinzahler has carefully set up the
contrast between external motion – “Wind makes a rush at the house”,
“Outside, the trees do their witchy dance” – and inner vacuum. The chiming
of “awakes” with “awhile” suggests that sleep is imminent.
This is the Kleinzahler I prefer – not the spoiler, bragging about his
sexploits or badmouthing his acquaintances, nor the expert, showing off his
technical vocabulary, but the poet of simple, stark recognition. Death,
beginning with the terrible suicide of his brother, is August Kleinzahler’s
compelling subject: “Death’s visits”, we read in a short poem to the Muse
(“Goddess”), “threatened never to end”. The rest – the cleverly observed
“high-gloss kitsch / the Big Enchilada loves you to hate” – is rendered with
a fine polish that has become rather too familiar. “Distracted?”, the poet
admits to his muse, “To be sure”.
August Kleinzahler
SLEEPING IT OFF IN RAPID CITY
Poems, new and selected
256pp. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. $26.
978 0 374 26583 0
Marjorie Perloff’s recent books include The Vienna Paradox and
Differentials: Poetry, poetics, pedagogy, both 2004, and
Twenty-First-Century Modernism, 2001.
