Dalya Alberge, Arts Correspondent
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At his creative peak Andy Warhol was the master of mass production art, churning out prints for sale at less than princely sums.
His early Marilyn Monroe portraits would sell for less than a colour television while assistants in his “sweatshops” worked around the clock to turn out “authentic” reproductions.
But despite the glut of works circulating worldwide, the 15-minutes-of-fame Pop artist has now become the second-highest-grossing artist after Pablo Picasso.
Indeed, auction houses are discovering that the world’s art-collecting glitterati are happy to pay several million pounds for “original” Warhols.
Collectors are cashing in on the insatiable demand for the paintings, of which there are estimated to be about 100,000 worldwide.
A series of ten portraits of sports stars, including Muhammad Ali and Pelé, signed by both artist and athlete, is being offered for £14.2 million at Martin Summers Fine Art in London. Each of the ten agreed to be photographed by Warhol, who used the images to produce portraits that are to be sold by Richard Weisman, an American collector, who has plenty of other Warhols to spare.
Next month, Warhol’s 1963 Green Car Crash painting is forecast to break auction records and sell for $35 million (£17.5 million) at Christie’s in New York.
The ascent of Warhol up the ranks of top-grossing artists is undoubtedly helped by the sheer number of his prints available. He had a prodigious output, augmented by his assistants, who would massproduce thousands of reproduction prints of his originals.
The Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board, whose seal of approval is enough for leading auctioneers and dealers, will accept these “reproductions” as genuine Warhols if all the artist has contributed is his signature.
This has not stopped Russian oligarchs and others snapping up entire collections of his works. It is rumoured that one Arab sheikh recently paid £1 billion for a collection of the artist’s work.
Bloomsbury Auctions, in a move that would undoubtedly have pleased the celebrity-obsessed artist, has also decided to devote an entire sale to his prints and drawings.
Angus Maguire, its head of contemporary art, said that the art world was finally catching on to Warhol’s importance.
“With his massproduced images he took away the exclusivity of fine art and made it available to everybody on any level of understanding, from the academic to the everyday,” he said.
“The art world has been slow to catch on. Warhol is the most important international artist of the 20th century. Conceptually, he is more important than Picasso.”
James Robinson, of Martin Summers, said: “He has come hugely into fashion. There are an awful lot of people who love his art now.”
The auction record for a Warhol was set at Christie’s New York last November when Mao, 1972, sold for $17.4 million (£8.7 million). But the auction house now believes that it has, in the Green Car Crash, 1963, the most valuable Warhol painting ever to come to auction. It depicts a mundane suburban street with an overturned car in flames and a catapulted body of the driver.
Brett Gorvy, of Christie’s, said: “This is a painting that has been considered the Holy Grail by a legion of contemporary art collectors.”
The same sale, on May 16, also includes the original iconic Marilyn Monroe portrait, which experts expect to fetch around $20 million.
15 minutes
— Born in Pittsburgh in 1928, son of Czech immigrants
— Started as a window dresser and commercial illustrator. Began painting in the late 1950s
— Came to prominence in 1962 with paintings of Campbell’s soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles and Brillo soap-pad boxes
— In 1968 Valerie Solanis walked into his studio and shot him. He survived
— Died in 1987 after gall bladder surgery
Source: Britannica, Warhol Foundation, Christie’s
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Douchamp would be seen to be the most important artist of the 20th centurey with his ready mades fountain by 'R. Mutt'.
Andy W may have used mass reproduction and took art away from the middle classes but is this such a bad thing? Read the Walter Benjamin essay on 'Mechanical Reproduction' and it may just change your mind on Andy W destroying art.
Thomas, sheffield, england
I think you'll find Hogarth, Rembrandt, Goya, Caillot, Durer and a host of others use reproductions in the form of woodcuts, engravings etc. to reach a wider audience than just a rich patron in his private apartments or a church. Warhol, like Wenseslas and his page was treading in his masters' steps.
Carlyle Braden, Croydon, U.K.
"With his massproduced images he took away the exclusivity of fine art and made it available to everybody on any level of understanding, from the academic to the everyday,
He also removed the fine and the art along with the exclusivity, only a pompous ass with a vested interest could come out with tosh like this. Being as available as Campbell's soup doesn't mean it is as interesting as eating at the Fat Duck.
The art world has been slow to catch on. Warhol is the most important international artist of the 20th century. Conceptually, he is more important than Picasso.
I can understand the art world being slow to catch on to Warhol being more important than Picasso, I assume that this comment is from the mouth of an auctioneer who is more accustomed to talking to merchant bankers than to practitioners of the various crafts involved in creating worthwhile works of beauty, originality, meaning and so forth. The conceptually part presumably relates to the concept of profit.
Kidd Garrett, Bristol, UK
Mmmm. I prefer to look at the art work (whatever it is and created by whoever), decide whether it pleases me and simply enjoy it!
A large amount of Warhol's work gives me pleasure but I do not enjoy the car crash works, although, I appreciate the effort made by an artist to break new ground.
Ric, Uniontown, PA, USA
I am a Matisse man, myself. A more exciting painter never saw the light. He is
to painting what The Thousand and One Nights was to lit.
Eugene, Heidelberg, germany
Picasso was the better "artist", but he wasn't cool like Andy >.<
reddy redlom, Baytown, TX
Salvador Dali,,,, I think he was not properly deserved.
Most of people might think of his pieces too surreal and complicated;the pieces trascends things at present,unbelievable~~~
Scott, Seoul,
Warhol is exactly what you want him to be and that's precisely why he remains so hugely interesting in today's public eye. Whilst trying to remain 'nobody', he became 'everybody'.
Picasso on the other hand is remembered for having both a masters' hand as draughtsman but also for his all empowering ego.
Whereas Warhol is about generosity dressed in an introspected personality, Picasso is really the showman and the 'visual entertainer', contrary to what many may think.
Strange as it may seem, Picasso made art with such ease, from sheer mastery, whilst Warhol worked hard for his successes. Nothing came easy to him.
I think that we identify more with Warhol, because he was the nerd "that made it" and Picasso was the guy who's level we really can't reach.
Picasso made something simple from his genius and Warhol made something genius from his simplicity.
Bjorn Stern, Berlin, Germany
Warhol seems to have been an obsessive, compulsive artist. His social abilities weren't very keen. I wonder if he could have been on the Autistic spectrum?
Patty, Brea, CA
Salvador Dali, in output, and from painting for the Pope to painting entire Hollywood sets, vastly vastly exceeds anyone else as the premier 20th century artiste. Only
the art-ignorant could wax so poorly as to think up only two names of 20th century "artists" (Picasso & Warhol). Collecting Art, versus collecting what the consensus has deemed "Popular", are two very very different things.
Russell Denham, Baton Rouge, LA
Anybody that has dealt in modern art, knows that the inflated prices of Warhol prints is ridiculous. They are just not that good.
David, Beverly Hills, U.S.A.
you left out an incredible documentary done slick magazine style called, SUPERSTAR: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ANDY WARHOL, directed by Oscar award winner, Chuck Workman and Produced and financed by Marilyn Lewis. thankyou so much. Marilyn Lewis
marilyn Lewis, Los Angeles , California/ USA
In your article, you refer to "... a prodigious output, augmented by his assistants, who would massproduce thousands of reproduction prints of his originals..."
Important to note that these are hand pulled screenprints, created as limited editions, usually of 300 or fewer, under the direction of the artist & the entire underlying concept of POP was exemplified by this approach. The broad use of the term "reproduction" implies something else.
Wolfgang doesn't make all the frozen dinners. Steven doesn't cut all the film. Ralph doesn't sew all the little ponies on the shirts. Think: in a 25 year period (1962 - 1987), Andy Warhol changed the way the entire world would look at art, talk about art, think about art, make art, & reconsider the criteria & the very definition of art. He redefined the boundaries from 1962 forward. Anyone who looks at these pieces as mere "reproductions" is (in the opinion of this writer) missing the boat entirely.
Lawrence Stephens, Novato, CA
Larry Stephens, Novato, CA (USA)
Warhol might have been born to slovakian parents, but he will always remain a pittsburgher
mark, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Why would Picasso care? He was a fraud too. Much of his "early art" was his fathers'.
In fact both were frauds; both were good businessmen. Warhols art is popular because it made cheap dorm room decoration in the 60's, and those boomers are now wealthy and nostalgic.
500 years from now Picasso will be a footnote in art history and Warhol will only be mentioned as how far a joke can go.
Rembrandt, Tucson AZ,
There is a Warhol museum in Pittsburgh, Pa. that is worth a visit if you are interested in this rather frivolous artist.
Tom, Boynton Beach, USA/Fl.
Comparing Warhol with Picasso is blasphemy. What more will they write to drum up prices? There must be a lot of naive collectors
with money to burn in this world!
Emilio Power, Melbourne, Florida
Wasn't it Warhol who said "Art is anything that you can get away with"?
Jason, Houston, USA/TX
You truly believe an original Warhol painting would command the same price as a the person that sat and copied it?
As to the "15 minutes of fame" insult doubles my instinct on dismissing you as a true correspondent of arts.
It is beyond my imagination that you believe the copiers of art should hold the true title to Artist, while the artist is designated no grant to fame.
Dee, orange park,
Son of immigrants from present-day Slovakia (not Czech) and of Rusyn background (minority in Slovakia).
J, Philadelphia, PA
It's not about collecting art, it's the art of collecting.
The art of making something of no real value worth millions.
Brilliant.
Stan Lee, NYC, USA
Picasso would be screaming at this nonsense.
Michael, Los Angeles, NYC, USA
Our Czech friends can claim Dvořák, Smetana, and many other greats. But Warhol's people came from SLOVAKIA!
George Polak, Dayton, Ohio, USA
Sorry, you have a huge error there.
Andy Warhol was a son of Slovak immigrants, not Czech.
In his will, Andy Warhol had left his possesions to a Slovak village Mikova, near Medzilaborce, where his family came from. They have built a museum filled with Andy Warhol's works that people from all over the world come to visit.
Myra Hatala, Artist, residing in both, USA and Slovakia (I knew Andy personally)
Myra Hatala, Arlington and Bratislava, USA and Slovakia