Anjana Ahuja: Science Notebook
Get 20% off your bill at Pizza Express
Mr Science Notebook once offered an incisive analysis of conversation with the Ahujas. “You all argue for ages before realising you’re saying the same thing,” he sighed. “Then you argue about who said it first.”
Thanks to a lifetime of practice, I am now perfectly capable of debating with myself. This is the case whenever the question of Brits in space arises. Last week the Commons Science and Technology Select Committee published a report on British space policy. Among its considerations was whether Britain should have a manned space programme.
As a former space scientist, I cannot justify manned space travel. It may lift the spirit of a nation to see its citizens blasted into orbit, but it is enormously expensive, risky and wastes cash that could be more productively spent on robotic explorers. Robots can operate in environments that would freeze, fry or suffocate human adventurers, don’t need feeding and are dispensable. They cost mere millions; Nasa’s human spaceflight programme costs £6 billion annually.
But, I reply (to myself), the thought of dispatching metal rather than man into the great unknown is depressing. Shouldn’t science be about inspiring the young and transcending the humdrum? Isn’t it dispiriting that bean-counters expect space missions to be symbols not of valour but of value for money?
Actually, not having a manned space programme saves us the embarrassment of British astronauts. We have only one: Helen Sharman, who flew in 1991. The other “Britons” - the Nasa astronauts Michael Foale, Piers Sellers and Nicholas Patrick - are actually British-born American citizens.
I once sought to interview Sharman; she refused, saying she had “moved on”. Perhaps she was having a bad day but I thought her ungracious. What a contrast with Colin Pillinger, the British professor, who, even as his beloved Beagle 2 was plunging to its doom on Mars, always found time to smile for the cameras. There is an insightful piece in the latest New England Journal of Medicine by the psychiatrist Simon Wessely, on doctors and terrorism. He wonders, as I have done, why Britain is so shocked that doctors should aspire to be mass murderers. Rather, he asks, why should doctors not become terrorists?
Modern history is crawling with examples of physicians who have turned their healing hands to hate. One architect of the sarin nerve gas attacks on the Tokyo subway was a former heart specialist. Radovan Karadzic, the Bosnian Serb leader and suspected war criminal, is a psychiatrist. Osama bin Laden’s deputy is an Egyptian surgeon.
Doctors must, for their own sanity, be able to detach themselves from suffering and death. They possess self-belief. This makes them even more dangerous if their minds are perverted. As Sherlock Holmes told Dr Watson: “When a doctor does go wrong, he is the first of criminals. He has nerve and he has knowledge.”

Anjana Ahuja joined The Times in 1994, and writes for times2 and the comment pages. In her Science Notebook she writes about science, medicine and technology, and their impact on society. She holds a PhD in space physics from Imperial College, London. She is currently on maternity leave.
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Explore your passion for food with the delights of Thai, Indian & Chinese cooking
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
05/2005
£13,500
08/2008
£109,950
2006
£10,750
Great car insurance deals online
£100k
The National Skills Academy for Social Care
London
£49,229 - £62,035 pro rata
Charity Commission
London/Liverpool/Taunton
£75k - £85k
Confidential
London
Six Figure
Rolls Royce
Midlands/Europe
From £89,950
Great Investment, River Views
$3.5 million
Also avaliable for rent
Times Online Property Search will help you find it
Amazing Far East Offers - Visit Hong Kong
from £499pp
Cruise the Islands of Hawaii - Pride of America
List your property with two leading travel websites
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths
News International associated websites: Globrix | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
yeah ok...what's the expression, the lower half of the top 2%...
glen broemer, los angeles, us
Re: "There are 6 billion people on the planet, 60 million Mensa types...."--glen broemer.
Actually, as per the mensa.com website, the Mensa cutoff is at 98th percentile (i.e., the top 2% of the population), not 99th. So there are 120 million "Mensa types" on the planet.
Nice try, though.
Geoffrey Falk, Toronto, Canada
Anjana's bio should read, 'like a lot of other people, she holds a degree in space physics'. There are 6 billion people on the planet, 60 million Mensa types. I think ya could find someone else to debate. I'd debate ya myself, though I have work to do.
glen broemer, los angeles, united states
Thank you for all these comments on the Notebook. Michael is absolutely right - like everyone else, I always assume it's either manned or unmanned. Perhaps combined missions are an answer, but having humans on board would inevitably be a limiting factor in terms of where you could send missions. You still need to get those astronauts back home safely, which means you can't send them too far away.
I'm taking a summer break now but, when I return, I'll try to make time to respond each week to the comments I receive. I do read them and am genuinely grateful to all the readers who take time out to offer such insightful, thought-provoking views.
anjana ahuja, london, uk
Dear Ms Ahuja,
The headline of your article depicts only two options: robots or humans. You could add a third option: both. Given a choice between robots, humans or both, I think that most people would vote for option 3.
Michael Huang, Melbourne, Australia
Bingo,Anjana. Your science book theory somewhere remotely connects with another belief, better known in the field of parapsychology as "psychic soliloquism" Sounds a bit gibberish, like a jargon or some gobbledegook, but it relates to a very important inherent trait among us, as human beings. What makes humn beings different from other animals. We can think, or rather think rationally .
But to think rationally, one aught to debate with oneself....much like a one-on-one tete'-a-tete' . Before a thought originates in our mind, we unknowingly or unconsciously talk to our "other self", say you conscience being, or soul or whachumacallit.
It is like a robotic process, between our brain lobes, and the hypothalamus, or the seat of conscience.At times when the two thought processes differ, we run into a mental " tug-of-war",and when they sync or gel up, it improves our self belief.
More intellectual a person is, there are more chances of commiting heinous acts like murder, terrorism etc.
sandy, New Delhi, India
Helen Sharman's reaction is, perhaps, understandable. Human acheivement is generally measured by the reactions of others. As we have become increasingly globalised the number of people who can give a positive reaction to a specific acheivement has, you'll forgive the pun, sky-rocketed. As such it is easy for that praise (or disapprobation) to be overwhelming, especially when focused on a non-repeatable event of finite duration. Her desire to "move on" is understandable, is possibly futile.
Colin Pillinger, for whom I have nothing but respect and fondness, was not in the same position. His career could continue, he could strive for other peaks that might even surpass the Beagle project.
I have never aspired to be an astronaut, partly because the sense that my life had reached its crown so early would devastate me. The fate of astronauts in the real world may not be the same as in William Gibson's short story Hinterland, but perhaps it's not too far different.
Tom Foster, London, UK
Space-faring expertise with robots doesn't necessarily translate into space-faring expertise with humans. Its pointless to know what's on Mars, if the means to know what's there don't get us any closer to being there.
Alexander V. Grigorov, Varna, Bulgaria