Camilla Cavendish
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This has been a week of astonishing brinkmanship - one that, I cannot help thinking, has shown what giants the guardians of America's financial system are compared with the pygmies running Britain.
On Friday the rumours that an American bank was about to collapse sowed panic in stock markets that had hitherto seemed almost immune to the credit crunch. The dollar went into freefall. By Tuesday the gunslingers of the US Federal Reserve had engineered a takeover of Bear Stearns by JPMorgan, with the help of a $30 billion subsidy. In doing so, the Fed ripped up the rulebook of central banking. America has not offered emergency funds to brokers, as opposed to banks, since the Great Depression.
Why should the taxpayer bail out banks that have no depositors? Aren't these the same idiots who convinced Americans in trailer parks to buy houses they couldn't afford? Who packaged up dodgy loans into elegant parcels and passed them around the world? Yes. Abetted by complacent rating agencies, who stuck triple-A quality labels on junk, banks such as Bear Stearns have created a new kind of financial crisis, because there were so many players playing pass-the-parcel, and because no one knows where all the parcels ended up. They now sit like unexploded bombs on the balance sheet of almost every financial institution.
But that is precisely why Bear Stearns had to be saved. The company was a financial intermediary at the heart of many complicated global transactions. Had it collapsed, no one knew how many more dominoes would have fallen. The Fed's bold bailout avoided the much bigger bailout that a collapse would have necessitated, because so many of the counterparties to Bear Stearns' agreements were banks that do have depositors.
Bankers may live in a different world to most of us, but our fortunes are horribly aligned. Old-fashioned banks were not built with marble halls for nothing. They were meant to exude solidity, because to doubt a bank's creditworthiness is to undermine every commercial transaction. If lenders stop lending, economies stall. The living standards of millions of people hang in the balance.
The creativity and resolution shown by the Fed and the US Treasury sit in stark contrast to Britain. The US authorities took four days to rescue Bear Stearns. The Bank of England and the Treasury dithered for six months over Northern Rock, which could have been rescued by Lloyds TSB in August for less.
I am told that last weekend Fed officials rang leading banks all over the world to tell them to keep trading with Lehman Brothers, also rumoured to be in trouble. Lehmans survived. Meanwhile, the Governor of the Bank of England cancelled a trip to the West Midlands. Oh. His officials last week arranged a meeting with “leading banks” - which is scheduled for next week.
This lack of interest is making British financiers deeply nervous. Yesterday the City wavered after completely unfounded rumours that HBOS was on the brink. “These rumours can only be propagated,” one senior banker told me, “because people don't believe the Bank of England cares whether anyone goes down.”
That is an astonishing comment from a very senior executive, about a central bank whose job is to shore up confidence. In nine years out of ten, central banks are expected to be invisible. In a crisis, they need to calm the waters. A central bank that is not trusted is worthless.
By rescuing Bear Stearns, the US Fed has put out a clear message that it will not let a big firm go down. It has backed up that message by offering emergency loans in exchange for a broad range of collateral. The Bank of England is still offering emergency funding on much narrower terms. So UK banks face significantly higher costs of borrowing than their American and continental competitors. This is dangerous, because Britain is particularly vulnerable to a liquidity crunch. Our banks currently hold about £550 billion more loans than deposits. Fears about imbalances lead to companies such as Scottish Widows withdrawing mortgage offers at ten minutes' notice. That spooks consumers.
Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England, has articulated perfectly valid concerns about moral hazard: that more bubbles will be created unless financiers learn the lessons of their folly. Ben Bernanke, the Fed Chairman who wrote his PhD on the 1929 Crash, clearly feels those concerns must be put on hold while the world is on the brink of recession. He is right. The brief reprieve achieved in America this week is by no means the end of the crisis. This is the wrong time for the regulators who failed to regulate to sit back and say: “I told you so.”
There is no sign that the British Government will act more swiftly if another British bank gets into trouble. There is no sign of any plan to change the tripartite system, designed by Gordon Brown, that has failed so spectacularly to handle the situation. Hank Paulson, the US Treasury Secretary, is an ex-Goldman Sachs banker who calls top executives every day. Alistair Darling is a lawyer whose singular achievement in last week's Budget was to tax rich non-domiciled residents just when London needs them most. Non-doms tell me that what irks them even more than the cost is the uncertainty Mr Darling has created over their future.
Uncertainty is lethal. Confidence is priceless. That is a point that our rulers seem unable to grasp. God save America. And God help Britain.

Camilla Cavendish has been a McKinsey management consultant, an aid worker, and CEO of a not-for-profit company. She is now a leader writer and columnist on The Times
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I agree, we should follow the American Way, but not this current lot. Back in the 1930s the Americans learnt the hard way, as usual, following the '29 Crash & in 1933 passed the Glass-Steagall Act. Amongst other things it prohibited bank holding companies from owning other financial companies. This part of the act was repealed in 1999, so no coincidence there then.
It used to be said that Clearing Banks lived off their deposits whilst Merchant Banks live by their wits. Part of today's problems emminate from Clearing Banks, excluding Lloyds TSB, having large Investment (Merchant) Banking subsidiaries which put at risk depositors' monies. So let us have a differentiation between the two, so that both shareholders & depositors know what they are putting their money into.
DB, Eglwyswrw, Pembrokeshire
Is Ms Cavendish frightened of negative equity per chance as the British property bubble is bursting just like all the others are?
Paul, Coventry,
I totally agree Ms Cavendish. The Fed spotted the Bear Sterns problem, found a buyer and funded a solution over the weekend and before the Tokyo opening Sunday night. Compare that to the sorry Northen Rock affair, dragged on for over six months and with it the reputation of Britain as an international banking sector. It used to be fashionable to talk about the advantanges of the FSA's "low touch" regulatory approach vs the hard nosed US one...No more...
miguel, london,
If the UK government taxed us less and wasted less on crazy ministerial initiatives which never achieve their objectives and cost huge amounts of OUR money, there would be no crisis, as growth would continue to be strong as the individuals who had control of THEIR OWN money would spend it efficiently and keep growth going. In the USA they believe this philosopy.
That's why it is such a dynamic country and well able to get out of this crisis. In the UK we roll along as one of the highest taxed and regulated countries on earth.
David Nammory, Liverpool,
The word you are looking for but didn't use, Mrs. Cavendish, is blackmail.
The essence of your article is that publicly funded central banks should bail out irresponsible profiteers because of the consequences if they do not.
Well ... I agree that that's what they should do at this moment, but I see no reason to crow about it like you do.
For let's be clear about this: the only reason the US, and because of it the whole world, is facing a slump is because your high-payed self-regulated colleagues acted like a bunch of irresponsible thugs.
I really do believe that a few criminal investigations are in order, followed by a fresh round of tight regulation for the financial sector.
Golodh, London, UK
@KK, Manchester, UK
"How can a couple of phone calls ease the credit freeze where injecting billions of dollars into the system has failed?"
Because almost all Banks in the western world are now members of the World Banking Cartel who take their orders from the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the world's central banks. When this bank gives orders, other banks obey. So, only one call is actually necessary. To find out how banks really function, see the internet film, "The Money Masters" on Google. It explains exactly what is happening and why, and predicted this situation back in 1995 when it was created.
victor compton, Cherbourg, France
So called Bankers should not benefit unfairly from devious instruments which are invisible and ununderstandable to normal investors and depositors. This has clearly been the case. Having said that, the dithering in UK compared to US is appalling. Don't blame BoE, blame the ultra ditherer - Gordon Brown. He calls the shots in the end. As all say, confidence is key and Brown inspires NONE. He should go back to his Manse and manage affairs within his capability. If he/we had listened to people like Moulton we would not be in this situation. Cash under the mattress? Could be going that way.
Gordon, Weybridge, UK
The problems in the market have originated in the USA and as ever when they have a problem they export it. Mervyn King should force the banks to go back to sensible banking practice. The present system is an extension of a casino which pays bonus dividends to the biggest gambler but when it all comes crashing down the public pay via the BOE. My question to Mervyn King is why do the banks need this injection is it to pay staff bonuses in April no funds should be made available without a declaration from the banks and finance house that they will not pay any bonuses until April 2011 and then only on 2009 trading figures.
DLO, Benfleet, UK
i can't believe the attitude of this woman. to think that the taxpayer should continuously bail out banks that have profited from the same taxpayers in every way possible, just so they can continue doing so, is grotesque.
and then to argue that to tax the rich is a bad thing! if speculation and the crossing of fingers has overvalued major resources then its perfecty fine for the 'correction' to occur. richard is right, this is an opportunity to make the system work better and more safely, but first you must remove and replace the broken bits.
this aricle reeks of agenda, not journalism
Fiendo, Belfast,
i wouldn't call it exactly decisiveness , its more like panic my friend. if you look at the oil prices and the inflation there is absolutely no room for rate cuts and if they lowered the rates its just panic.
in the wake of such inflationary pressures lowering interest rates in economical suicide .
ebbi britt, valencia,
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