Magnus Linklater
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Thirty years ago, two nervous Sunday Times reporters sat in a country inn outside Dublin waiting for an IRA contact to show up. Neither I nor my colleague David Blundy had ever met this shadowy figure before, and we knew nothing of his motives. But he had held out the promise of solving one of the darkest secrets of the Provisionals' terror campaign against the British - the truth about the murder of the undercover army intelligence officer, Captain Robert Nairac.
Even by IRA standards Captain Nairac's death was shocking. Taken from the Three Steps public house in South Armagh, where he had gone undercover to gather information about republican operations, he had been beaten, tortured and finally shot. His body has not, to this day, been found, though three men have been convicted for his murder, and three others sentenced for involvement in it. Inquiries remain open, and yesterday the Northern Irish police arrested another suspect.
That afternoon, David and I had nursed our beers for about two hours and were in an advanced state of jitters when our man suddenly appeared in the inn, looking every bit as terrified as we were. He gestured us outside, and we piled into a car, to be driven by a circuitous route that took us eventually halfway across the Republic. In the course of our journey he sought to establish his credentials by showing us an impressive-looking bullet hole in his shin, by telling us where various arms dumps could be found and by explaining exactly where Captain Nairac's body had been buried.
We had no means of judging whether the information was sound or not, but we managed to negotiate an interview with Garret Fitzgerald, then the Prime Minister, and his chief of police, to whom we told our story. The chief of police was less than impressed. “He's just after money,” he said. The farm outside Dundalk, which we had been told was Nairac's burial place, had already been searched, but he would check it out again. Our excitement evaporated. The policeman was probably right; soon afterwards we received a threatening call from our contact, demanding money, a passport and a new identity in the UK. We made our excuses and, rather hurriedly, left.
It was a sobering experience for us, but it only increased our respect for Nairac and his one-man intelligence gathering mission. He was a hero in the John Buchan mould, and I remember comparing him to Sandy Arbuthnot in Greenmantle - one of Buchan's “lean brown men from the ends of the Earth [who] may be seen on the London pavements now and then in creased clothes, walking with the light outland step, slinking into clubs as if they could not remember whether or not they belonged to them”.
Like Arbuthnot, Nairac believed in melding into the background in order to get closer to the enemy. He picked up a Belfast accent, dressed in an old cap, carried a stick, joined in the craic, knew every word of the IRA songs. The night he died, he was claiming to be Danny McAlevey from Belfast, and he sang the republican anthem, The Broad Black Brimmer. No one knows who tipped off the crowd that he was a Brit, but his end was as miserable as his exploits were daring. He was beaten horribly by his assailants, driven, half-dead, to a field by a river, tortured, and shot with a rusty pistol. A Catholic, he died with a prayer on his lips.
Ever since, rumours about the real nature of Nairac's undercover role have abounded. Like T.E.Lawrence, another maverick, he has attracted wild stories, of being involved in the murder of loyalists to protect his undercover identity, of passing information about UDR activities to the Provos, of conducting a freelance campaign that went far beyond his remit. We know nothing about all this, nor do we know how important the information he gathered was. Fellow officers have described it as priceless, and claim that it saved lives. Others say he put lives at risk. All we do know is that he was awarded the George Cross, Britain's highest peacetime decoration for bravery, and that he stands as a model of fearless individualism.
I would hazard that brave but shadowy figures like Nairac will always be more valuable to our national security than the blanket state surveillance foreshadowed in yesterday's Times, which revealed plans for a “Big Brother” database, on which details of every phone call, e-mail and internet connection made by every citizen in the land is recorded. The data will be held centrally, and will allow a vast bureaucratic army to monitor our every movement. Thus, it is hoped, will the suspicious movements of potential terrorists show up, rather as the particles in a CERN accelerator reveal, by minute deviation, the existence of something alien in their midst.
There is something chilling about this level of state intrusion, not just because of its connotations with the past, but because we have a shrewd idea that sooner or later it will go horribly wrong. Our track record of dealing with huge amounts of confidential information is lamentable.
I have no doubt that government monitoring stations, such as GCHQ at Cheltenham, have done valuable work. But I hope against hope that there are still brave agents out there, head swathed in a dirty turban, face burnt brown in the Afghan sun, talking to the Taleban in some remote bazaar, or sitting at a café in Basra with some renegade from Moqtada al-Sadr's army, or kneeling in prayer with hot-headed Muslim youths in the back streets of Bradford.
Nairac himself drew up a report on how best to conduct these negotiations. With those between 14 and 25, he said: “The best line of approach is to try to share their convictions. Some of them have a conscience and if so they will have some doubts. One good line from you could shake them out of their attitudes... Never use the words 'inform', 'information', 'witness' or 'intimidate'. Never write anything down; it smacks of police work. Never offer money for 'information'.”
And he ended with this optimistic view of the role of the go-between: “If approached the right way, the fence-sitter will come down on our side. When that happens, we have won.”

Magnus Linklater's journalistic career spans 40 years, taking him from editor of Londoner's Diary at the Evening Standard to editor of Spectrum and the Colour Magazine at The Sunday Times and editor of The Scotsman. He joined The Times in 1994 and writes a weekly column on Wednesdays. He was chairman of the Scottish Arts Council from 1996 to 2001, and often writes on Scottish issues
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If you plan to meld into an English pub as an undercover agent sing ''roll out the barrelI'', speak ill about foreigners, and non-stop about the 1966 World Cup.
Richard Vaughan, Belfast, UK
It took many years to solve the crime eventually 2 soldiers were convicted of murder - the rest were sentenced to aidin and abetting - only the two who actualy stabbed the victim went to jail. The rest were admionished but not jailed.
terry o neill, Pomeroy,
Having read these comments, I see there are still plenty of Brits that think he did things the right way. The Broad Black Brimmer might be a wonderful Irish tune in London or San Francisco, but I don't think you'll hear it sung in the Bogside Inn.
cristo, USA,
Poor Captain Nairac. Ampleforth edcated public schoolboy who, like Magnus, read too many tales of derring-do but finally came up against the squalid reality of post colonial conflict in Ireland.
George, Falkirk, Scotland
Eck - After an appeal from the British police investigating "The Ripper" (Sutcliffe) murders. The police appealed for anybody with any info who had witnessed extreme violence to come forward. A soldier came forward and said he had seen two farmers bayoneted in N.I. The RUC had covered it up.
J, Fermanagh, Ireland
Padraig, everyone forgets that England came was created by an invasion from Ireland. The Irish were not allowed to own land until the English gave it to them during the Plantation. 300 years of Irish interference in English affairs. Why do you think a Cambridgeshire yeoman visited Drogheda?
Bill, Belfast, N.I.
Rudyard Kipling's Kim is a good read, about Raj skull-duggery in the Great Game on the North west frontier against the Russians in the 19th Century. I often wonder whether today's Intelligence people in Afghanistan are as good as Kim's handlers were then.
Richard Sarson, Wimbledon, UK
he "picked up a Belfast accent, dressed in an old cap, carried a stick, joined in the craic,"
He carried a stick. Probably typical of the British security apparatus's understanding of Ireland. Did he watch John Wayne movies to learn about Ireland? Nobody was fooled into thinking he was from belfast
Jer, London, U.K
SF & republicans demand (and get) an public enquiry into every terrorist that was killed by the British Army...Yet they dodge all questions about their past and if they wanted peace they should give back his body....but that the price for peace the British government is prepared to pay...
Adrian, aldershot, ENGLAND
everyone forgets that the British invaded the island of Ireland, stole the land of the people, banned our language and starved our people, they gave back 26 counties but still remain in 6 counties, it is a valid war, if 1 country invades another the other shoukld have the right to out the agrressor
Padraig, Mayo, Ireland
Partition was a great success for the south, keeping all ethnic problems on the other side of the border.
Northern Ireland Unionists got to stay British.
Almost all population shift since has been Catholics moving north.
neil, waterford, ireland
to eliza, boston,
if you like ireland that much try living in it. i was born and bred in ireland and am sick of so called 'irish'- americans spouting your uninformed propaganda.
james, doncaster, uk
Eliza from Boston.
Many people where brutally murdered by all sides in Ireland. The IRAs weapons however were paid for by American cowards who help perpetuate the war (a lot from Boston).
relatives of mine lost their youth incarcerated for 'the cause'.
Half Irish, half English, 100% British
Lord cubby, Nottingham, Great Britain
As a Catholic from Belfast I have always felt sorry for the British in Northern Ireland. They were only doing their job and they may not have agreed with the Nationalist or Republican points of view but the IRA did not need to be so Brutal. He was Brave and he serves respect. Rest in Peace.
AM Denvir, Belfast, N. Ireland
I look at some of the comments here from 'armchair' soldiers and wonder why he bothered! We don't deserve such calibre of men anymore and that is very sad indeed for all of us.
Phil Lewis, Colwyn Bay, North Wales
Eliza, "Two farmers killed by pitchforks?" The troubles in N.Ireland were not some American film based on the ideological whimsing and usual american misconception of Irish life that you seem to agree with.We don't all live in thatched cottage's you know. We ALL suffered. Irish and British.
Sarah , Belfast , Northern Ireland.
Nairac was rumbled because he sat in a bar on a stifingly hot day with his jacket on in order to conceal his gun and holster.
Edward, Glasgow, UK
We need to talk about real heroes much more. We need to introduce young people and particularly young men to the ideas of real courage and sacrifice. What it means to be a real man. Big Brother ,chav comsumerism, and celebrity "culture" are mental and moral junk food. Let them study heroes.
April, Huddersfield, UK
Nairac was part of the British 'dirty war' in Ireland which killed quite a lot of nationalists and Catholics and very few active republicans. He died by his own standards.
George, Edinburgh, Scotland
Hubble, I think it is so telling that you haven't heard of the Irish War of Independence- how do you think Ireland became independent of Britain, the British Government acted justly? Get to know your own history
Helen, Glasgow, Scotland
The 'pitchfork incident' refers to an double murder of two Republican farmers who were killed with pitchforks. They were suspected of holding arms for the IRA and there was suspicion that a rebel unit of British soldiers carried out the murder, however, it hasn't ever been resolved as far as I know.
Eck, Edinburgh, Scotland
Our soldiers are heros, yours are foolhardy, his are murderous gangsters.
Kevin Straw, Leciester,
"Rest in peace mate".
Agreed David.
Mike Poulsen, Reading, Berkshire
There are a lot of unanswered questions regarding the actions that Nairac was alleged to have been involved in.Time will tell just what happened during this period.
C Caughey, newcastle, Ireland
I think it only right that this TRUE hero be referred to in future as
Captain Robert Nairac GC.
Rest in peace mate.
David Bratley, Oxford, UK
I have never heard of murder by the Army nor of the pitchfork incident. But it would be interesting to know. Can Eliza enlighten us?
David kay, Hemingford,
Eliza, at the time of partition Britain was fighting a war with Germany. The rebellion as we called it was armed in part by Germany. 100,000 Unionists were said to be under arms and ready to fight a civil war if Britain gave Ireland independence. Partition sad as it was and still is averted that civ
JT, Stortford, UK
I shall never forget the Nairac case as long as I live. In those days, when my wife and I lived in Belfast, you never knew if the next bomb or bullet was for you. Capt Nairac was brave beyond the call of duty. The manner of his dying played a small role in ending "the troubles". It was horrific.
Dr David Green, Athens, Greece
"...the Irish War of Independence..." Hmmm, hadn't heard that expression, but as an Englishman perhaps that is not surprising, however,
"The great tragedy was the partition of Ireland." wrote Eliza, Boston , USA
How right she is. How did ANYONE in Government think that that would work?
Hubble, Evian, France
I read somewhere that Nairac would turn up in Desert Boots for his meetings. He might as well have stuck a G Squadron badge on his forehead.
michael murphy, brightlingsea, england
As an ex-squaddie can I say that one (amongst many) reason
that the British Army is up there with the best is because it has amongst its ranks Officers of the calibre of Capt Nirac.
PS: Not that I was ever an Officer.
Peter Bolt, Redditch, UK
The British spy group 'The Cairo Gang' also 'melded' into Dublin society during the Irish War of Independence, for a period. South Armagh is a close knit rural community wary of outsiders, claiming to be from Belfast or anywhere else.
Richard Vaughan, Belfast, UK
Back in the days of the Raj, Brits were rather good at deep cover intelligence gathering. By contrast, US intergators resort to screaming, "Where's bin Laden?" at the poor saps at Guantanamo sold up the river by the Northern Alliance. Counterproductive? Can be a little hard to find a dead man.
Andrew Milner, Karuizawa, Japan
the IRA were not the only ones with "standards'. Many people were brutally murdered by the Brit, army and their cohorts on Irish soil. I can think of two innocent farmers who were stabbed to death by pitchforks. The great tragedy was the partition of Ireland.
Eliza, Boston , USA
Robert Nairac was a brave and fearless soldier who died for what he believed in like so many who went before and after him,many like lambs to the slaughter but all with a passion for what is right.How sad he would be today to see how the great 'British' public show what little respect they have.
Kenneth O'Boyle, Perth, UK
Apparently he got rumbled when a gun slipped out of his pocket. Live by the sword...
Also was allegedly involved in some dodgy business with GB75 and the Wilson plot...make of that what you will...
Nick Higgs, Leicester,
What a man.
J Nowland, Leeds, United Kingdom