Minette Marrin
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There is a conflict, it often seems, between science and freedom. The more scientists discover about us, down to microscopic genetic tendencies we might have to aggressive impulses or early dementia, the less secure we feel in our liberties.
Our secrets are not safe, not even the ones we didn’t know ourselves. The more such things are understood and recorded and electronically shared, the more anxious we feel. This information is power, for better or worse, and people will be tempted to seize it. That is no reason to become a Luddite, but it certainly ought to make us all particularly watchful about our liberties.
So it came as a toast-dropping surprise to hear a distinguished appeal court judge recommend on the Today programme last week that every person in this country ought to be put on the criminal DNA database, along for good measure with every foreign visitor. One might expect some hanging and flogging judge (if there are any left) to take an authoritarian line, but Lord Justice Sedley is known for his interest in human rights.
One of his concerns is that ethnic minorities are overrepresented on the database, and that this is unfair. To make things fair, he thinks we should all be rounded up and have our mouths swabbed, man, woman and child, so things are equally unfair for all of us.
It should come as no surprise to learn that Stephen Sedley once belonged to the Communist party. Compulsory equality is at odds with personal freedom, and while Sedley is no longer a party member, he has grandiose ideas; he lists “changing the world” as an interest in Who’s Who.
Admittedly there might be a case to be made for having everyone’s DNA profile available to the police; it might help to solve more crimes. However, Britain already has the world’s largest DNA database, yet since it was introduced 12 years ago the rate of solving crime has remained unchanged.
Much more powerful is the case the other way. Putting the entire population on the database is an abuse of the freedom of the individual in itself. It offers terrible and so far unimagined abuses in the future; the better the DNA code can be read, the more complex and extreme the abuses could be. The risks of conspiracy would conspire with the greater risks of cockup.
We know that British bureaucrats and politicians have an appalling record with computers and personal information. The massive NHS database is a shameful case in point. Everyone in their right minds will try to stay off it. So too are the many errors of the tax and benefit system, which makes mistakes that are almost tragic when poor people suddenly find themselves in serious debt. Only last week the parliamentary public accounts committee found that a new subsidy due to English farmers had been grotesquely mishandled.
And these are the people - the politicians and the apparatchiks - that Sedley proposes to let loose on the intimate details of our DNA! If Whitehall cannot manage the details of a few farmers one dreads to think what the nomenklatura would do with about 90m new genetic profiles, or indeed with our NHS medical details. Even when they did not abuse, lose, confuse or accidentally reveal our secrets themselves, other people would most certainly steal them to abuse them, through hacking or corruption as well as inadequate security.
That is surely why the government proposes to remove details of the children of celebrities from an education database. It takes breathtaking ignorance of what happens to powerful information in the real world to suggest that everyone’s most sensitive details should be exposed to such serious risk.
Last week, for instance, it emerged that the Chinese are particularly good at hacking into other countries’ sensitive information, including our own military and Foreign Office computers. Ministers tried to play this down, much as they tried to ignore a Chinese cyber-attack on the House of Commons computer last year.
In view of these embarrassments, you might imagine the government would stand firm against Sedley. You might expect new Labour’s self-styled champions of human rights to cut back the criminal database, by about 1m, to remove everyone except those convicted of a crime. On the contrary, ministers are “broadly sympathetic”, to Sedley’s suggestion, according to Tony McNulty, the security minister. He said the government has no plans to put everyone on the database, but the truth is that the Home Office is planning to add to it considerably. A review will be published in February.
It is wonderful to know so much about genetics. The risk that this knowledge might be abused must always be weighed against the advantages it offers. Here what is needed is practical evidence, not arguments of principle. In the criminal DNA profile case, the risks quite clearly outweigh the rewards. Nobody can guess at what DNA profiles will soon reveal and how that knowledge could be abused; having some criminals at large is one of the many prices of freedom.
However, in the case of hybrid embryos, which aroused fury last week - much more, oddly, than the DNA database - the risk-reward relationship is the other way around. It is alarming to think that geneticists are going to create embryos that are part human and part animal; terrible things might conceivably happen. If one distrusts Whitehall, why should one trust the men and women in white coats?
The answer is purely practical, based on experience. Scientists have a hugely better reputation than politicians or bureaucrats for intelligence, integrity, competence, truth-telling and sticking to the rules, especially when they are independent of the state. The hybrid experiments will not affect everybody; in fact they won’t even affect individual people. They may help to heal people with terrible diseases, and if they don’t the only loss will be minute quantities of living tissue and a great deal of time, effort and hope.
It is conceivable that knowledge discovered in these experiments might somehow be used against persons unknown. But the conflict in such matters is not between science and freedom, but between freedom and the abuse of science.
Minette Marrin is a journalist, broadcaster and fiction writer. She is a columnist for The Sunday Times, and has also written for The Sunday and Daily Telegraphs and The Spectator and The Asian Wall Street Journal. She regularly contributes to television and radio programmes
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I'm on the database, not by choice.
A young police officer moved in nextdoor, I've lived here 14 yrs without a problem. He began to park obstructively and deliberately in front of my home, on one occasion leaving the car while he went on holiday. Always leaving his drive clear and being quite aggressive when approached he started to harrass me and mine. He has breached the code of conduct on other occasions.
I asked the police to mediate and tackle the problem, they left the issue to fester, but up to now 5 police sargeants have become involved.
When I had finally lost all patience and sought to rectify the issue by discussion and tackling the officer about the offence of harrassment he later had me arrested. My DNA taken, the arresting officers explained that they were unhappy to be involved and to have to take samples.This is the second time I have replied to media stories this week regarding the police. The last one being the Panorama feature about wasted police time.
alan, birmingham, uk
This trend of blaming science for the current government's actions is quite puerile. I will give you the benefit of the doubt and assume that you are just trying to grab attention, rather than being intellectually bankrupt.
cyrus, Nottingham, UK
How many members of parliament and how many government ministers have any education at all at university level in the sciences. You cannot wish for rational control of scientific advances if the people who make the decisions for society have no idea what scientists are talking about!
Do you really think any of the great and good who rule us would have been able to stop Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Crick and Watson? Are you really going to go out and stop the eminent scientists at work today? I don't think you even know who they are!
Brian Lewis, Manila, Philippines
I'm on that DNA database. I don't have a problem with everybody being on it, but I with the legality of obtaining it, its validity & sampling technique. As a biochemist I know a sample is only good if it is properly & accurately obtained, & not contaminated.
In my case, I was not advised prior to accepting a caution at Brighton police station that that meant automatic sampling which I could not refuse. In the sampling room there was a large intimidating notice on the wall to say that a forceable DNA sample should not be obtained via pubic hair!
A Group 4 custody person did the sampling. I don't know if he was trained or is legal. At the table where they took the mouth swab, was a 1m x 0.5m exhaust air fan blowing air down on to the sample, which he waved around before bagging!
The electronic fingerprint machine had an error message saying not to use the data if a light was lit. After 3 tries with it lit, the guy said don't worry, it does that all the time. End of scan. Valid data?
Tony Spencer, St Rémy de Provence, France
Science is not the problem but the quality of the people who would use and abuse it. The key difference between political philosophies is that the left think government is good for you so more is better and the right think it might not be but want to be touchy - feely on the subject, so as to match the national mood. Yobs, criminals and terrorists reinforce this conviction of the left so that there is very little that New Labour will not seek to control. Scientists have peer group review and other scientists who ruthlessly check "breakthroughs" to see if they can replicate the results. The check on the pond-life who rule us is the ballot box but since a large minority take no part in this process we certainly get the politicians we deserve.
Graham McKean, Sevenoaks, Kent
As someone who works in this field I have strong personal views about genetic information and who should or should not have access to it.
However I am a Forensic Scientist and as such my personal opinion is not relevant. What is relevant here is the role played by newspapers and television programmes. The general public rely far too heavily on the media to inform their opinion and are quite happy to be spoon fed a diet of half truths and speculation. We should all wake up and educate ourselves. Ask questions, canvas our MP's and instead of just reading the headlines, take the time to digest some of the vast amount of peer reviewed literature that is available on these subjects.
Karen Greenwood, Carlisle, UK
When a new scientific discovery like DNA turns up we have a choice about whether to use it or not. For each application that discovery uncovers, we have a choice about whether to use it or not. Increasing science seems to lead to increasing choice.
I have a genetically based disability, and the best hope for curing this completely lies in genetic advances. Science here is leading to freedom.
We should certainly ask about the role of government in our lives, and in the balance we should strike between freedom and responsibility - but it's the application of science and the governance of that application which can affect freedom, not science itself. Would you ban a genetic medication because it shares some techniques with a DNA dataase? If so, it's you who is restricting freedom.
Kevin Elliott, Oxford, UK
Thank you for highlighting Justice Sedley as a communist. Other former communist party members include Jack Straw and "Dr" John Reid. David Miliband is the son of and eminent Marxist, if eminence is possible in this field.
These are hard men who seek to restrict individual freedoms and enslave the population to an authoritarian socialist state. For example- ID cards, road pricing / tracking , DNA database, curtailment of jury trials, suspension of habaeus corpus, restrictions on freedom of speech and our right to protest....etc etc.
If the increasingly politicised police have everyone's DNA they could easily silence dissidents and political opposition by quiet threats of a DNA fit-up. Who will risk speaking out against the govt knowing that Labour's police state has total information on them?
David Davis has spoken passionately in favour of our ancient freedoms. It is time the Tories started shouting more loudly in defence of liberty and democracy.
D Rochester, Liverpool, UK
Tolkien had this worked out. Saruman crosses humans with orcs to make a race of warriors, the Uruk-Hai. The good characters shake their heads and say "that was an evil deed".
There is no scientific interest in creating human-animal hybrids. The motive comes from those interested in practical applications, not the pursuit of knowledge.
Malcolm McLean, Bradford, UK
When a new scientific discovery like DNA turns up we have a choice about whether to use it or not. For each application that discovery uncovers, we have a choice about whether to use it or not. Increasing science seems to lead to increasing choice.
I have a genetically based disability, and the best hope for curing this completely lies in genetic advances. Science here is leading to freedom.
We should certainly ask about the role of government in our lives, and in the balance we should strike between freedom and responsibility - but it's the application of science and the governance of that application which can affect freedom, not science itself. Would you ban a genetic medication because it shares some techniques with a DNA database? If so, it's you who is restricting freedom.
Kevin Elliott, Oxford, UK
When the details about everyone in the 'higher' reaches of society - politicians,quango members, members of the Lords, high-earning captains of industry yaddayada ... then it might be considered safe enough for the details of us,the little people.Otherwise,they should respect our individual privacy and rights as solid,uncriminal citizens of a democracy.Perhaps our big mistake was in upping the salaries of all these MPs and giving them too many ideas about how entitled they are too more privileges than the rest of us!
kay, leeds,
I have also been the victim of delibrate targetting by the police to gain DNA and fingerprints on to the Police National Computer. When I wrote to Hazel Blairs through my MP she said it was necessary BUT when asked if she had hers and that of her children/grad chidren there was silence, so did the MP for Bradford West MArsha Singh. I would much rather prefer a compulsary DNA for all that the current back-handed way we now have. Lets hope the case that has gone to the European Court is successfuland the Media give it teh attention it deserves!!!
nandi logan, Croydon, uk
Stalinist tendencies are particularly distasteful when they come from the judiciary.
Simon Marshland, Bath, UK
This proposition may or may not provide a panacea against crime, but sooner or later those in favour of it will have to come to terms with the realities of implementing it.
Itâs clearly controversial, and for every person who skips merrily down to the State Processing Centre chanting ânothing to hide, nothing to fearâ there will be another who will not want to provide their DNA unless they are compelled to do so. And ultimately who will have to do the compelling? The police of course.
If I were asked to come up with a more efficient way to destroy confidence and trust between the general law-abiding public and the police than this, Iâm buggered if I could think of one.
G Taylor, Devon, UK
42% of people polled in the Daily Mail were in favour of EVERYBODY being registered on the DNA database, that speaks volumes about the Sheep like British and their blind obedience to authority.Nearly HALF the population see nothing sinister or wrong in giving their most intimate bodily evidence to the state.
It's enough to make you weep.
edwina rigby, blackburn, england
You are right: it is the abuse of Science that is the central problem, but even Science is not without ideological camps or egotistical individuals. (e.g. Sir Roy Meadows). We should not trust Scientists either.
Shaun Okane, London, London
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